The Effect of Liquidity and Efficiency on Credit Risk of Development Banks

The financial system has an important role in health, growth and success of the country. Financial institutions include financial markets and institutions, as intermediary institutions, play an effective role in supply, Equipping and allocating of financial resources. Recent crises in the country's banking system have become a national challenge due to increased outstanding claims and liquidity shortfalls. Banks and financial institutions have to accept the risks of any investment and lending which affect the repayment of loans or deposits. Loans are the greatest and most obvious source of credit risk for most banks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of efficiency and liquidity on credit risk of development banks during the years 2003-2017. In this regard, using the panel data method, the hypotheses of the research were studied. The results of the model estimation show that liquidity, deposit ratio and bank size have a positive and significant effect on the credit risk of development banks. Also, efficiency, margin of profit and returns of assets have a negative and significant effect on the credit risk of development banks. Overall, it can be concluded that improving the macroeconomic conditions has a significant effect on the absorption of deposits in banks. The size of the bank has a positive and significant effect on credit risk. Larger and more concentrated banks have complexity and many customers with different characteristics, so it is harder to monitor them. As a result, banks have less caution in lending, act in an arbitrary way, pay less attention to paying loans, and they hope that in the event of occurring a problem, government due to their concern about occurring a crisis, will support them. As a result, above mentioned factors lead to the increases of outstanding loans, reduce the financial stability and increase the probability of bankruptcy. For this, it is suggested that banking authorities provide competitive market conditions and prevent further concentration in this industry.